12 Principles Of Animation By Frank Thomas & Ollie Johnston

The 12 principles of animation by Frank Thomas & Ollie Johnston

The list of 12 animation principles with a video below:

1. Squash & Stretch

- keep the volume

- emphasis the mass & speed

- emphasis reaction

- Do not overdo the squash and stretch

2. Anticipation

- prepare for the action

- realistic

- give clue for prediction

- feeling interactive & energetic

- make the action noticeable

3. staging

- control the focus of the audience and camera

- proper timing

4. straight ahead and pose to pose

- two drawing technique

5. follow through & overlapping action

6. slow in & slow out to achieve realistic motion

7. arcs (cirular paths)

8. secondary action

9. timing

- standard frame rate for animation is 24 fps

10. exaggeration

wild -> wilder

sad -> sader

for more convincing actions

11. solid drawing : spatial drawing & curvy lines

12. appeal

pleasing to look at, dynamic design

The video made by Alan Becker to illustrate those 12 animation principles:

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